Where Are The Big Brothers?
June 21st 2007 General

That’s what the Big Brothers Big Sisters organization would like to know. The New York group says it has 200 boys waiting for big brother volunteers. The article doesn’t give a yardstick for the shortage of male volunteers, but I found a clue elsewhere:

“We have a serious challenge facing our organization,” said Mr. Kobara, President and CEO, Big Brothers Big Sisters of Greater Los Angeles and the Inland Empire. “For every 10 people inquiring about becoming a ‘Big Brother’ or ‘Sister,’ only three are men.

Actual participation by men may well be even less, otherwise it would have been mentioned instead of the irrelevant stat about inquiries. In any event, that’s well below the national rate for all types of volunteering. During 2006, 42% of all adult volunteers were male.

The article sets out a number of possible reasons men don’t volunteer at BB-BS in greater numbers – but the fact that the rate at BB-BS is less than the overall average for volunteer-based organizations moves me to throw out an undiscussed possibility: men are afraid of having their lives destroyed by a false accusation, and fear the BB-BS will protect itself by throwing its resources behind the accuser.

As a possible parallel, consider a trend in education below the high school level:

The Arizona Republic:

Two trends are converging to lower their representation in K-8 classrooms: More women are stepping up to become principals, and fewer men are becoming teachers.

In Arizona, almost 60 percent of grade school principals and nearly 90 percent of teachers are women. Six years ago, the majority of principals were men. Some schools have no men, meaning kids may not have a male teacher or principal until middle or high school. It’s the same picture nationally.

…Scottsdale’s Serna said the fear of being accused of inappropriate touching or abuse has made lots of educators uncomfortable. Many administrators and teachers leave the profession out of fear of lawsuits or false accusations.

“A man just has to be aware of his interactions and how they are perceived,” Serna said. For example, in kindergarten there is a lot more nurturing and hugging. “You have to be careful, and when you’re a man, you have to be extra careful,” Serna said.

Ten years ago, a boy accused Rose of touching him inappropriately. Rose said he was exonerated when student after student said they were there and it would have been impossible. Rose survived.

“I’m a very strong person. You have to be,” Rose said. He’s also cautious. “You’ve got to be real careful,” he said. When alone with a student, he stands by an open door or stays behind his desk.

CBS News:

Research conducted by MenTeach reveals three key reasons for the shortage of male teachers: low status and pay, the perception that teaching is “women’s work,” and the fear of accusation of child abuse.

…Nelson notes that the fear of accusation of abuse is another barrier to men entering the teaching profession. “I have had men tell me that they are not being hired or they can’t get an interview because people think there is something wrong with a man who wants to work with children,” Nelson says.

Yaeger acknowledges that the fear of being accused of improper conduct is something that most male teachers think about. “As a male teacher, especially in this day and age, you have to be a lot more conscious of your behavior,” he says. “It is not something I necessarily worry about all the time, but I am aware of it.”

BBC News:

The number of men working in primary schools in Wales has reached its lowest level in nearly 10 years.

It is thought one of the reasons for the decline could be fears about false allegations of abuse against children.

…Many in the profession have said worries about false allegations of abuse could be behind the decline.

…In April 2001, Mr Tobutt told a NASUWT conference that teachers falsely accused by pupils should be compensated by the state.

He told BBC Wales: “There are a number of colleagues up and down the country who have gone through similar experiences and they have been permanently damaged and will probably never get over such an experience.”

All of which sets the stage for an excerpt from a White Paper (PDF file) about volunteering:

Because men are not expected to volunteer in social services, those who do run the risk of having their motives questioned. This possibility has particular import in programs for children, in which the reality of child molestation is a horror worthy of extra precautions, or in programs with other vulnerable clients. At the same time, however, recent history reveals cases of purported abuse that were determined to be unfounded and came at great emotional and social expense to the accused. Although false allegations represent only 2% of child sexual abuse cases, they hurt volunteer recruitment efforts: seven percent of the participants in this research suggested that some men are reluctant to volunteer around children because they are concerned about false allegations of child abuse or being perceived as “predators.”

Managers of social service programs that work directly with vulnerable clients therefore face a special dilemma of creating safe environments for their clientele without deterring volunteers or producing a precarious legal situation for anyone involved. Initiating a background check is one means of safeguarding against criminal activity and levels the playing field for volunteers should allegations arise. Checks can, however, heighten fears of accusation by sending a message to recruits that they are “guilty until proven innocent.” Some interviewees felt comfortable working in child care. Nonetheless, for those who feared that self-knowledge alone was not enough to defend against allegations, the threat of false accusation was a deterrent. The attitude of parents or caretakers toward male volunteers can apparently intensify this dilemma.

Unfortunately, volunteer managers in children’s services will in all likelihood continue to lose potential volunteers as long as false accusation remains a viable possibility, and false accusation will undoubtedly endure as long as perpetration continues to be a reality. Nevertheless, because the challenge to recruiters of male volunteers seems not to stem from the threat of criminal activity itself—that risk always exists, with male or female volunteers—but rather the threat of false accusation, the task for program managers is to bridge the gap between the preventative measures in place and the fear that they protect only clients, not volunteers.

(By the way, I don’t accept the remark “false allegations represent only 2% of child sexual abuse cases”, any more than I’ll buy one feminist’s canard regarding the Duke case that she had never in her career come across a false accusation of rape. Check this recent piece, which cites studies indicating the rate of false rape reports runs as high as 60%. I’m arguing the not-improbable positon that men have noticed this sort of thing, and take it into account.)

Perhaps men are merely acting rationally. They’ve assessed the risk of volunteering to work with children, and want no part of it. If so, that’s why BB-BS rates of male participation are well below national averages, which include volunteering that doesn’t involve children. Men have been reading the newspapers for the last 30 years, and don’t want to end up like Gerald Amirault, who served 18 years in prison following a child abuse witch hunt in Massachusetts, or like Grant Snowden, the Miami police officer who served 12 years behind bars as Janet Reno’s stepping stone to national office. They’re aware of cases like that of teacher Mark Fronczak, who was arrested, tried and found innocent, but “Besides his career, Fronczak lost his house and life savings during the ordeal. He voluntarily gave up custody of his two teenage sons to his ex-wife after his arrest. … “My life as I know it has been ruined,” he said. Fronczak would have been imprisoned for life if convicted.”

Further, when an accusation happens, men may worry BB-BS will react the way Duke University’s president, Board of Governors and faculty did despite the extreme improbability of the allegations against the three student victims.

Let me take this theme further by suggesting it might also help explain our low rate of marriage. There’s much loose talk in the popular literature about atmospherics such as today’s lack of commitment, but consider the possibility that men are refusing to marry women because the risks are too great.

Men have become broadly aware that they can be arrested and thrown out of their own homes on hearsay, and that their chances of prevailing in a child custody battle are small. With the presumption and the weight of the political bureaucracy against them, men have made what amounts to an economic decision to avoid situations that expose them to loss and ruin.

So BB-BS can run all the slick recruitment campaigns they want to, and chatter ‘til the cows come home about how women are more nurturing. But if they ever decide to sit a roomful of prospective volunteer men down and have a frank presentation about concerns surrounding the potential for false accusations, don’t be standing in front of the door. That’s presuming they can gather a roomful, which in an age of searchable, internet-piped information is perhaps becoming demonstrably harder to do.

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-Lastango







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